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From: CPNUES
Category: General
Date: 09 Jul 2001
Time: 18:29:04
Remote Name: 24.177.100.223
Handwriting is a complex task. From an OT point of view, handwriting includes components of visual perceptual skills (how you perceive written shapes you see), motor planning (how you execute a task), gross motor control (control of the body and shoulder) and fine motor control (wrist, hand finger control). The age of the child, and if he/she has cognitive or attention delays can impact the development of writing skills. All these areas must be assessed to figure out where the concerns are and where your child may need some help.
To assess visual perceptual skills, it is good to do a motor free test first. You use a motor free test to make sure that how the muscles work can be separated from how the brain is perceiving shapes and relationships. Our clinic often used the MVPT (motor free visual perceptual test). Any test that takes away the motor skills to test the perceptual is fine. Your therapist may recommend another test.
Motor planning is how events and tasks are planned out. Some examples include: Can she follow motor directions and examples in Simon Sez or when going around obstacles? Can she follow spoken directions to draw lines up/down, across, circles, etc.? Can she use her eyes to follow an object that is moving without moving her head? (test by gently holding the head still and moving a puppet or toy slowly in front of her up/down, side to side and in circles). Motor planning should also be assessed by your therapist to rule that piece out.
Gross motor control, or body control, is very important for handwriting. Can she hold her body still when sitting? Is she well supported in a chair or wheelchair? We often have kids that are weaker in the trunk that "fix" or hold the arms stiff, start by making larger (1-2 feet) circles and shapes on an easel or on large paper on the wall to practice the idea of a movement before a handwriting task. One good hint is that larger shapes are easier to begin with-and more success oriented.
Fine motor control requires stability (control) as well as movement. Is the thumb pulling into the palm? Does the wrist come down? Does she get tired holding her wrist tilted up? A person needs a stable thumb and a stable wrist for easy writing. If she is having concerns with those areas, staring on an easel or paper on the wall helps. Gently holding the pinky side of her wrist while she controls the thumb and index can help. Soft splints also help some children. Larger markers sometimes are also a good tool to start with as they are easier to hold and press.
Finger coordination is the last piece to test. Can she easily bend the finger joints? Can she easily bend the finger joints with a with a pencil between her thumb and index? Can she hold her pinky and ring finger down while using her free long finger, index finger and thumb? Test this by having her hold a marble size piece of playdough in her palm with her pinky and ring fingers while picking up objects with her free fingers. Try 1 inch cube size first to pick up and move up to small macaroni or bead size.
Your last thing to think about is whether your daughter is enjoying the task. If she is getting frustrated, the task is probably too hard and may need to be changed a little. Your therapist should be able to help you change or "grade" the activity to work on the parts of writing before writing if the actual writing is frustrating your daughter. We learn best if we are enjoying the task.
There are quite a few resources out there. One is Handwriting Without Tears by Jan Olsen. www.HWtears.com is the website. Your therapist may have other ideas too. Educators also address other areas related to writing that are not in my area of expertise, so maybe asking her teacher about those issues can help. Try looking at some of the ideas described here to decide what you feel your daughter's primary problem is. You can also ask your therapist what the expected writing goals are for your child. Do not worry if it seems to be a little bit of each. Then you'll just practice techniques from each category. Try asking your therapist what she feels your daughter's primary problem is. Please write back and let me know what you have found and we can go from there. If you have any questions about what I have described please write back and ask. I know it is a lot of information, but handwriting is an amazing and complex task, so keep trying. Good luck! CB PS We'd love information from anyone who has more ideas and resources.
From: Anna
Category: Constraints
Date: 11 Jan 2003
Time: 20:49:37
Remote Name: 68.35.15.62
Hi,
I am a graduate student doing constraint induced therapy with children with hemiplegia. I wanted to let you know that there have been several studies published by different researchers throughout the world on using constraint therapy with children as young as 2. I read one of the authors posts about constraint being frustrating for the children. Our experience has shown that with intensive support from therapists, the experience can be a positive one that enhances the child's concept of their abilities as well as the quality and control of their movement. If you are considering this for your child, I would only recomend that you look for researchers who support you and your child as they enter into this intensive process. Hope this info helps.
From:
Category: Handwriting
Date: 25 Apr 2006
Time: 02:34:43
Remote Name: 220.64.88.9
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From: Texas
Category: Constraints
Date: 30 Oct 2007
Time: 12:24:50
Remote Name: 165.228.133.11
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From: Russia
Category: General
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Date: 29 Jan 2007
Time: 08:21:40
Remote Name: 84.223.142.42
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